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Abstract

In recent years, a greener sustained approach has attracted significant attention, particularly that employs environmentally friendly nanomaterials by utilizing natural extracts. Despite the growing number of literature studies on the synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles using different plants, comparisons between extracts to assess their effect on physical and chemical properties under identical preparation conditions are almost limited. Therefore, this study aims investigate an emerging field of nanotechnology focused on creating cost-effective, environmentally friendly zinc oxide nanoparticles using various leaf extracts (Eucalyptus, Lemon, and Sidr) as reducing and stabilizing agents, with zinc chloride as the precursor. The impact of the active compounds was analyzed in relation to the structural and physicochemical properties of these nanomaterials produced. Here, we show that the X-ray diffraction patterns confirmed the formation of a hexagonal wurtzite crystal system, with crystallite sizes ranging from 38.3 to 53.3 nm. Transmission electron microscopy and particle size distribution indicated nanoscale particles from 72 to 92 nm, a morphology ranging from spherical-to-semi-spherical. Among the samples tested, the highest specific surface area for Lemon sample was measured at 10.1 m2/g for mesoporous Zinc oxide, with a high pore volume. UV-Vis spectroscopy revealed distinctive shifted of absorption edges toward highest wavelength (375–383) for the Zinc oxide nanoparticles with slights reduction in energy gab (2.97, 2.95, 3.02) eV for Eucalyptus, Lemon and Sidr extract respectively. Furthermore, the maximum amount of a negative surface charge was observed for the Eucalyptus sample approximately (–25.5 mV), indicating better stability than Lemon and Sidr. Finally, FT-IR analysis identified multiple absorption peaks confirming the functional groups presence on the nanoparticles' surfaces from plant sources. In general, although zinc oxide nanoparticles synthesized using Eucalyptus exhibited slightly better zeta potential values, Lemon extract demonstrated superior and more efficient performance in zinc oxide nanoparticle synthesis. This is attributed to the role of its active compounds in controlling the formation and growth mechanisms, as well as exhibiting improved physicochemical properties compared to Eucalyptus and Sidr extracts. These results pave the way for future research to assess its potential biomedical applications and verify its suitability for such uses.

DOI

10.53293/2788-6867.1184

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