Biotechnology
Karrar K. Hameed; Iman H. Gatea; Amal A. Hussein
Abstract
Polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) is an eco-friendly polymer that has various important biomedical uses, as well as biodegradability, drug delivery, and medical implants. It is a kind of polyester synthesized by various microorganisms as energy reserve material under inappropriate conditions. This study focused ...
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Polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) is an eco-friendly polymer that has various important biomedical uses, as well as biodegradability, drug delivery, and medical implants. It is a kind of polyester synthesized by various microorganisms as energy reserve material under inappropriate conditions. This study focused on testing wastecooking oilas the source of carbon to optimize PHA production. The tests included the most important environmental components within the culture medium affecting the growth of the bacterial isolate under the experiment and its ability to produce a polymer. Results revealed that the cultivation of Acinetobacter lwoffii, pre-isolated from hydrocarbon contaminated soil, under optimum conditions showed the highest productivity after 72 hours. Corn oil waste as the carbon and urea as the source of nitrogen were discovered to be the best nutritive sources for concentrated PHA production, with, 2% and 0.5 g/L as the best carbon and nitrogen sources concentrations, respectively. Through the results, it was found that there is an important role for the change, both qualitatively and quantitatively, in the components of the nutrient medium and the surrounding condition in increasing the efficiency of isolation, as it had a significant role in increasing the efficiency of the isolate. There was a significant increase in the PHA content ranging from 10 to 75% and the production of biomass to 3.6 g/L. respectively. Finally, this study concluded that the use of bacterial isolate in the production of PHA can contribute to solving the critical problem of environmental pollution caused by the use of industrial plastic and replacing it with environmentally friendly and low-cost materials.
Chemistry
Aliru Olajide Mustapha; Ahmed Dare Sarumi; Sheriphdeen Abiodun Adewuyi; Emmanuel Oluwatobi Ayantoyinbo; Blessing Ruth Adebayo; Rhoda Opeyemi Adams; Zainab Jasmie Abdulsalam; Samson Oladapo Bello
Abstract
The depletion of natural resources and the negative impact of oil on the environment have sparked interest in biodiesel as an alternative source of energy. Indigenous vegetable oils have the potential to be used as biodiesel feedstocks. Transesterification of vegetable oils produces biodiesel, which ...
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The depletion of natural resources and the negative impact of oil on the environment have sparked interest in biodiesel as an alternative source of energy. Indigenous vegetable oils have the potential to be used as biodiesel feedstocks. Transesterification of vegetable oils produces biodiesel, which is regulated by numerous inputs factors, such as catalyst dosage, temperature, speed, and time while the density and specific gravity are outputs. Sweet almond (prunusamygdalus dulcis) and jatropha (jatropha curcas) seed oils were used to optimize conditions for the transesterification processes using the response surface methodology (RSM). The experimental matrix at different sodium hydroxide doses (0.3 – 1.5 wt %), intensity (500 – 1000 rpm), and time (20 – 60 min) in the presence of fixed molar ratio, and temperature were designed to optimize the biodiesel output variables (yield, specific gravity, and density).The analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed results for refined sweet almond biodiesel (RSAB) at catalyst (0.554 wt %), speed (750 rpm), time (40 min), giving the optimization solution with the specific gravity (0.995 g/cm3), density (1.230 g/cm3) with the yield of 83.304% for RSAB. Whereas the RJB had the optimum catalyst of (0.3 wt %,), speed (500 rpm), time (44.1 min), with the specific gravity (0.964 g/cm3), density (0.884 g/cm3), and the biodiesel yield of 96.4%. The estimated biodiesel yields vary by 13.096% under these reaction conditions. According to ANOVA statistics, the catalyst dose has a substantial effect on biodiesel yields, and these biodiesels could be employed as an environmentally friendly alternative to diesel.
Biotechnology
Bilal Jasim; Entesar Ali
Abstract
Fibrinolytic enzyme is factor that lysis fibrin clots. This fibrinolytic factor has prospective use to treat cardiovascular diseases, such as stroke and heart attack. Cardiovascular diseases attracted worldwide attention for their elevation morbidity and mortality. Expensive cost and fatally undesired ...
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Fibrinolytic enzyme is factor that lysis fibrin clots. This fibrinolytic factor has prospective use to treat cardiovascular diseases, such as stroke and heart attack. Cardiovascular diseases attracted worldwide attention for their elevation morbidity and mortality. Expensive cost and fatally undesired side effects associated with the available fibrinolytic agents to treat these diseases stimulated the researchers to investigate potentially better agents for curative applications. In the current investigation, fibrinolytic enzyme production from Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from injuries of wounds and burns patients. Parameters for the promoted production of the enzyme under minimal production media were optimized. It comprised carbon source (glucose), Nitrogen source (Yeast extract), Fibrinogen concentration (0.5 %), inoculum size (1 %), temperature (37°C), and PH (7). Enhanced fibrinolytic enzyme activity (136.2 IU/ml) was obtained after optimization Medium Components compared with that obtained with the minimal medium (60.2 IU/ml) which is 2.2 times higher than the same under non optimized production conditions. Media optimization researches for enhancement of fibrinolytic enzyme production from Pseudomonas aeruginosa in Iraq has not been performed so far. This may be the first study to optimization media for the production of fibrinolytic enzyme from Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The importance of this study lies in the enhancing the production of the fibrinolytic enzyme with high activity using these bacteria.