Journal of Applied Sciences and Nanotechnology

In this work, synthesis of titanium thin films on two different substrates (glass and n-type Si), with thicknesses of 90 and 145 nm at two different times (5 and 10 min) respectively, has been obtained. The thin films have been successfully deposited on glass and silicon substrates using DC diode sputtering technique. The optical properties of the prepared thin films have been checked out using the optical reflectance spectrum. A significant reduction in surface reflectivity was observed at (10 min) sputtering time. The structural properties of the prepared thin films were studied using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM). XRD results confirmed that titanium thin films had a hexagonal structure with preferred orientation on (002). The images of FESEM showed that all the samples had a uniform distribution of granular surface morphology. The grain sizes of the Ti nanostructure were estimated using Scherrers’ analysis. The thickness of Ti thin film increased as the sputtering time increased for both glass and Si n-type substrates. The repeated experiments revealed that most uniform Ti thin film is on Si substrate (n-type) with particle size 10 nm at deposition time 5 min.

In this paper, a homogenous pure Barium Titanate with formula (BaTiO₃) was prepared from pure Barium Carbonate (BaCO₃) and titanium dioxide (TiO₂) using the solid-state reaction technique, were used as raw materials having micro size by mixing of molar ratio [1:1], the powder was calcined at temperatures (900-1350) °C. The solid-State reaction can consider as an attractive process realistic alternative to the expensive wet-chemical route, according to X-ray diffraction, all of the peaks of Barium Titanate powder were perfectly suited to the positions of the peaks of the standard tetragonal phase in the pattern for this process. And with preferred crystalline size for the powder calcined at 1350 °C manifested the best results, where all the peaks indicate the formation of Barium Titanate completely. In addition, each BaTiO₃ Nanopowder was compared to a micro powder that had been manufactured, by conducting x-ray diffraction, diffraction peaks undergo shifting toward higher angle to the high value of 2Ө, and Nano powder particles are smaller than micro powder particles. And this refers to a decrease in lattice parameters, in terms of the peaks of the Nano powder preceding the peaks of the micro powder of BaTiO₃ and that match the result that is obtained by scanning electron microscopy (SEM).