Journal of Applied Sciences and Nanotechnology

This work presents a detailed study on the preparation and performance of polyaniline (PANI)/Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) blend. The blends are prepared by the casting method at different weight ratios (1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 wt%). The structural morphology was characterized using scanning electron microscope SEM. The morphological analysis showed a uniform blend of PANI with PVA matrix. PVA exhibits lamellae structure of different shapes and dimensions. For 1% PANI, the results showed homogeneous blending, which decreases with an increase of the PANI ratio. Phase separation and semispherical region formation in the PVA matrix were seen. It was found that incompatibilities increase with increasing the PANI ratio. Also, the results proved in the blends scanning electron microscope anilinium cation – radical surfaces for an aggregate of different dimension and spherical shapes, which induced by surface tension. The electrical conductivity study of PANI/PVA blends and PVA reveals that PANI/PVA gives the conductivity of 10⁻⁴(cm.Ω^)-1, while PVA presented the lowest conductivity with the value of 10⁻¹² (cm.Ω)^-1. The results also showed an increase in ionic conductivity with temperature and PANI weight ratio. The increase in electrical conduction with increasing temperatures is due to the negative thermal coefficient, this result is attributed to the polymer chains that act as traps for charge carriers, and when the temperature rises, the transfer mechanism will be reigned by the hopping process.

In this paper, we present triple cation perovskites because it has excellent stability and PV performance. To characterize the triple-cation perovskite solar cells, X-ray diffraction, Field emission scanning electron microscope, and Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy were used. The performance of perovskite solar cells was improved by reducing graphene oxide/bismuth oxide mixed mesoporous titanium dioxide as an effective electron transport layer. The perovskite layer deposited onto modified TiO₂ layer showed a larger grain size with better crystalline nature. The optimum device has fabricated at room temperature without a glove box and obtained a power conversion efficacy of 17%.

This paper introduces a comprehensive investigation on the performance of on-grid 2.7kWp residential scale PV system in Baghdad location with aid of PVSyst software simulation. The study focused on the impact of a wide range of PV tilt angles, orientations, and various configurations on the productivity of the system. Such comprehensive study was never investigated in literature over Baghdad city before, up to our knowledge. In this simulation, azimuth angle is varied from -90° to 90° with a constant 30° tilt angle, then tilt angle varied from 0° to 90° with a constant 0° azimuth angle. Results revealed that the 30° tilt angle with 0° azimuth angle is giving the best PV performance among all other angles. It is also shown that small change in azimuth (up to 30°) has unnoticeable effect on the PV performance. The study concluded that small offset in azimuth is considered acceptable from the design side of view. It is also noticed that small tilt angles boost the productivity in summer months, while large tilts boost the productivity in winter months. But the optimum angle that gives the highest productivity over the whole year is 30°. These results are explained by the sun latitude throughout the months of the year. In addition, 2-seasons method configuration showed a better performance compared to all of the fixed configurations with an increase in energy production of ~5%. However, the best performance was obtained with the tracking configuration with energy production of 25% more than all of other configurations.

Iron oxides are the most common types of substances available in nature in various forms such as oxides, hydroxides and oxide-hydroxides, which obtained from various aqueous reactions. In the present study, iron oxide (Fe₃O₄) nanoparticles (NPs) had been synthesized using co - precipitation method and determined some biological activities. Iron oxide NPs had been characterized by spectrophotometry, X- Ray Diffraction (XRD) analysis and Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopic (FE-SEM). The XRD analysis confirmed the purity and crystalline nature of fabricated NPs. In contrast, four biological activities of iron oxide NPs were determined.  High removal of methylene blue pollutant dye (37.62 %) was observed when iron oxide NPs were used at 400 µg/ml within 48 hrs. Furthermore, iron oxide NPs revealed high inhibition zones of 27.5 and 30 mm, at 1000 µg/ml, toward Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli respectively. The hemolysis activity of fabricated NPs is increases whenever concentrations increased. The lower hemolysis percentage of iron oxide NPs was (69.76%) when the NPs concentration was 250 µg/ml. Finally, cytotoxic activity was estimated against MCF- 7 cell line and normal cell line WRL68 by MTT assay. Significant and decrease in viability of (MCF-7 to 65.1%) when 400 µg/ml of iron oxide NPs was examined, while WRL68 viability was (75.03%).

This study aimed to evaluate the effect of various factors and treatments protocols' outcomes on the survival of patients with gastric cancer (GC). In a retrospective cohort study Patients with a definite diagnosis of GC who had been hospitalized at the Mahdie Hospital of Hamadan, Iran, from 2005-2017 were investigated. GC-related survival for different factors, types, locations of the tumor, sites of metastasis, and used treatment methods investigated. Data analyze performed by SPSS software version 21. 95 patients, including 66 (71%) male, and 27 (29%) female, were identified. The mean age was 63.88±12.41 years. The largest proportion of tumors was located in the cardia (29.7%), body (18.9%), and antrum (18.9%) of the stomach. The most common site of metastasis was the liver (52.6%), and lung (26.3%). The average survival of patients was 40.64±4.58 months, and the one, two, three, four, and five years’ survival of investigated patients were 0.68, 0.49, 0.43, 0.39, and 0.34 years, respectively. The average survival of patients with and without metastasis were 16.35±3.27 and 46.97±5.30 months (P=0.004). The Pearson correlation coefficient between the survival and total dose of RT, total number of CT sessions, and dose of each RT session were -0.003 (P-value=0.98), 0.006 (P-value=0.97), and -0.108 (P-value=0.412), respectively. Results show that there were no statistically significant differences between the average survival of patients and used treatment method, grade, type of cancer, and CT medicine. But survival of patients with metastasis was significantly lower than patients without metastasis (P=0.029).

In this work, the effect of maintenance bridges partial shading on the performance of the Renewable Energy and Environment Research Center (REERC) PV system was thoroughly investigated, in order to estimate the power loss amount in the PV system due to the maintenance bridges. The study was performed on one panel, then projected on the whole system (540 panels). Partial shade area of the bridges was measured monthly for 9 months (3 months were missing because of the pandemic). The utilized panel in this study is a 2 m² area panel with 96 solar cells connected in series. Measurements were carried out at three different daytimes for each month (8:30AM, 10:00AM, and 12:00PM). The results showed that loss is occurred in current and power only, where voltage showed less influence with partial shade. The results of the panel were projected to the whole system to estimate the loss of the total REERC system (540 PV panel). The designed power of the system is 155kW. The actual rated power was 78kW at noon in March 9, 2020. This is a drop of 50% of the power. This huge drop is a combined effect for both partial shade and ambient temperature.